The real meaning and surprising musical history of ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’ (2024)

30 July 2021, 09:40

The real meaning and surprising musical history of ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’ (1)

By Rosie Pentreath

@rosiepentreath

The real meaning and surprising musical history of ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’ (2)The real meaning and surprising musical history of ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’ (3)

We explore the origins, history and lyrics of one of the most popular children’s songs in the English-speaking world.

Humpy Dumpty sat on the wall is one of the nation’s most enduringly popular nursery rhymes.

But who was Humpty Dumpty? What brought him to that wall? And how did he fall off?

We unpack the origins, history, lyrics and meaning of one of the most well-known children’s songs in the English-speaking world.

Read more: ‘Old MacDonald Had a Farm’ reworked in the style of Beethoven is a stroke of genius

What are the origins of ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’?

In 1870, a chap called James William Elliott included ‘Humpty Dumpty’ when he collected together a load of English nursery rhymes and songs, set them to music, and published them in a volume called Mother Goose’s Nursery Rhymes and Nursery Songs Set to Music, with beautiful engravings by London engravers, The Brothers Dalziel.

Before that, the rhyme can be traced back to the 18th century, and variations in lyrics (see below) have been recorded over time. It’s not clear who originally conceived the four-line poem.

The real meaning and surprising musical history of ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’ (4)

Humpty Dumpty | Kids Songs | Super Simple Songs

Who was Humpty Dumpty?

Humpty Dumpty is the protagonist of the English nursery rhyme, ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’.

Perhaps due to his fragility revealed in the fall, he has often been portrayed as an egg – including by actor George L. Fox in his Broadway pantomime Humpty Dumpty, and by Lewis Caroll in his weird and wonderful Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.

Read more: There are lyrics to ‘Happy Birthday’ that you literally never knew about

What is the meaning behind the nursery rhyme?

There are other theories around the meaning of ‘Humpty Dumpty’. Some historians believe Humpty Dumpty was simply a device for a riddle around breakable things.

Others have suggested that Humpty Dumpty is King Richard III of England, who is supposed to have been humpbacked and who was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.

We could assume Humpty Dumpty is the King, the wall is his reign and fight to preserve power, the fall is his defeat, and ‘All the king’s horses and all the king’s men’ the army that failed to prevail.

Another theory is that Humpty is actually a cannon. During the English Civil War, history says, a one-eyed gunner named Thompson managed to get a cannon – colloquially called ‘Humpty Dumpty’, to the top of the tower of St Mary at the Walls church and wreak untold destruction on the forces below, before return cannon fire dislodged the pair of them. Hence “had a great fall”.

The real meaning and surprising musical history of ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’ (5)

A professor David Daube once had a fourth theory to add. In 1956, he posited that ‘Humpty Dumpty’ might have been reference to an armoured siege engine that was deployed unsuccessfully in the 1643 Siege of Gloucester during the English Civil War. This one was soon dismissed as a bit of a spoof by academics – but not before English composer Richard Rodney Bennett took the plot and ran with it for his children’s opera, All the King's Men.

Interestingly, Francis Grose’s Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue from 1785 – we’re totally imagining this as the Urban Dictionary of its time – defines ‘Humpty Dumpty’ as “a short clumsy person of either sex; also ale boiled with brandy”, so the rhyme could have derived from either meaning.

Although – we have a bit of a chicken or the egg dilemma here: what came first? ‘Humpty Dumpty’ the Grose definition as chicken, or ‘Humpty Dumpty’ the egg? Take a look at the lyrics, and see what you think...

Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall – full lyrics

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
All the king’s horses and all the king’s men,
Couldn’t put Humpty together again.

Humpty Dumpty – oldest known lyrics (1797)

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
Four-score Men and Four-score more,
Could not make Humpty Dumpty where he was before.

The real meaning and surprising musical history of ‘Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall’ (2024)

FAQs

What is the story behind Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall? ›

The original story pre-dates Carroll's take on the character. According to a number of military historians, Humpty Dumpty was the name of a cannon used by the Royalists during the English Civil War. The conflict raged from 1642 to 1649, and in June of 1648, Humpty Dumpty was stationed on the walls of Colchester.

What is the dark meaning behind Humpty Dumpty? ›

“Humpty Dumpty” – This nursery rhyme is about King Richard III, who was killed in battle and his body left unburied for several days. “Jack and Jill” – This nursery rhyme is thought to be a reference to King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, who were both executed during the French Revolution.

What is the underlying meaning of Humpty Dumpty? ›

Or, maybe, more than a metaphor for a shattered vase, it's a reference to a fallen king or monarch. Once a leader falls, there is no going back. Another theory is that a “Humpty Dumpty” was a slang term for a cannon that was managed to get atop a tower wall and fire down below. Really, though, it could mean anything.

What is the spiritual meaning of Humpty Dumpty? ›

Remember, Humpty is also a symbol of the earth and all that is ruled by the king. The king represents the head of humanity, not the heart; the intellectual rather than the spiritual leader. It is the king – not the priest, rabbi or shaman – who finds it so important to restore the shell of order.

What is the real story about Humpty Dumpty? ›

During the English Civil War, history says, a one-eyed gunner named Thompson managed to get a cannon – colloquially called 'Humpty Dumpty', to the top of the tower of St Mary at the Walls church and wreak untold destruction on the forces below, before return cannon fire dislodged the pair of them.

What is the moral of the story of Humpty Dumpty? ›

Humpty Dumpty is a valuable lesson to children.. Meaning sometimes you break or lose things and, no matter what, or how hard you or anyone else tries, that thing can never be brought back or repaired.. not even "all the king s horses and all the kings men" could bring him back..

What is the darkest nursery rhyme? ›

Is 'Ring around the Rosie' the darkest nursery rhyme ever? Scholars have long maintained that this cryptic rhyme is about the deadly plague that killed millions of people in Medieval Europe.

What does Humpty Dumpty mean in slang? ›

1. a short fat person. 2. a person or thing that once overthrown or broken cannot be restored or mended.

What is the dark meaning of pop goes the weasel? ›

In the mid-19th century, "pop" was a well-known slang term for pawning something—and City Road had a well-known pawn establishment in the 1850s. In this co*ckney interpretation, "weasel" is co*ckney rhyming slang for "weasel and stoat" meaning "coat". Thus, to "pop the weasel" meant to pawn your coat.

What does Humpty Dumpty teach you? ›

"Humpty Dumpty had a great fall" signifies that even the most capable individuals or organizations can experience setbacks or failures. In the business context, this line emphasizes the importance of acknowledging vulnerability and being prepared for unforeseen challenges.

What does Humpty Dumpty words mean? ›

When Alice meets Humpty Dumpty in Alice in Wonderland, illustrated here by John Tenniel, they have a famous exchange of views about the meaning of words. 'When I use a word,' Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, 'it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less. '

Where is Humpty Dumpty buried? ›

Humpty Dumpty's Grave

Standing out in St Mary's Churchyard is an odd gravestone, and not that of Count Dracula!

What's the meaning behind Humpty Dumpty? ›

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, in the 17th century, the term "humpty dumpty" referred to a drink of brandy boiled with ale. The riddle probably exploited, for misdirection, the fact that "humpty dumpty" was also eighteenth-century reduplicative slang for a short and clumsy person.

What is the real meaning of baa baa black sheep? ›

A random sample of 10 popular nursery rhymes shows this. The stuff of nightmares. Baa Baa Black Sheep is about the medieval wool tax, imposed in the 13th Century by King Edward I. Under the new rules, a third of the cost of a sack of wool went to him, another went to the church and the last to the farmer.

What does feeling Humpty Dumpty mean? ›

My father (From Birmingham England) used the term 'feeling humpty' for feeling unwell, which figures, as in the nursery rhyme Humpty Dumpty has a great fall and can't be put back together again.

What is the story of Humpty Dumpty after the fall? ›

Humpty is scared of heights after the fall, and it starts to get in the way of him enjoying his everyday life. One day, Humpty sees a paper plane fly through the sky and decides to make a paper bird: at least it can fly free in the sky and not be afraid.

What was Humpty Dumpty if he wasn't an egg? ›

First appearance as an egg was in Through the Looking Glass.” It adds up with the ideas of several war historians, who agree that he was in fact a cannon. Yep. A large cannon which is believed to have been used in English Civil War (1642-1649), specifically, in the 1648 Siege of Colchester.

Why was Alice worried about Humpty Dumpty position on the wall? ›

Humpty Dumpty was sitting with his legs crossed, like a Turk, ​on the top of a high wall——such a narrow one that Alice quite wondered how he could keep his balance ——and, as his eyes were steadily fixed in the opposite direction, and he didn't take the least notice of her, she thought he must be a stuffed figure after ...

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